Ethanol's strain on agricultural resources has soured many advocates' former enthusiasm. Advances in algae-based biofuel technology may restore some of their optimism
SCUM-BACK: Federal researchers from the U.S. Department of Energy report that it would take only 15,000 square miles?less than one seventh the area now used to harvest all of the corn across the country?to produce enough algae fuel to replace all of our petroleum fuel.Image: Texas A&M AgriLife
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Dear EarthTalk: How far along are we at developing algae-based and other higher yield sources of biofuels??Jason McCabe, Tullahoma, Tenn.
A few years ago biofuels were all the rage. Environmental advocates to national security hawks alike were extolling the virtues of ethanol and biodiesel as a carbon-neutral bridge to our energy future. But the bubble burst when it became apparent that there wasn?t enough agricultural land in the U.S. or elsewhere to grow sufficient amounts of corn, palm and other crops to feed both people and their engines. To boot, the process of extracting and distributing biofuels has proven anything but carbon neutral. And with ever cheaper natural gas widely available now, paying a premium for ethanol or biodiesel seemed frivolous.
But a new generation of biofuels based on algae might just change all that. One of the major problems with biofuels that algae could solve is space, since algae can yield as much as 100 times more fuel per unit area than other so-called ?second generation? biofuel crops (e.g. non-food crops or non-food waste parts of food crops). Federal researchers from the U.S. Department of Energy report that it would take only 15,000 square miles?less than 1/7 the area now used to harvest all the corn across the country?to produce enough algae fuel to replace all of our petroleum fuel.
While burning algae-derived fuel in an engine or factory generates carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions just like fossil fuels do, the algae itself requires CO2 to photosynthesize?so overall no new CO2 is added to the atmosphere. Furthermore, any CO2 created through processing or refinement can be captured and re-directed to the growing algae beds. And unlike other biofuel feedstocks, algae production has minimal impact on freshwater supplies?especially when it can be undertaken in ocean waters or even wastewater.
At least three well-funded ventures are poised to ramp up production of commercially viable quantities of algae-derived crude oil over the next couple of years. California?s Solazyme is building an algae fuel factory in Brazil in partnership with food processing giant Bunge and expects to manufacture 100,000 metric tons of fuel there each year. Solazyme is also retooling an Archer Daniels Midland factory in Clinton, Iowa to produce another 100,000 metric tons of algae fuel per year domestically.
Another company ready to make the leap into commercial scale production of algae fuel is Sapphire Energy, which operates a 2,200 acre algae farm in New Mexico where oil is harvested across 70 open ponds and refined on site. Sapphire?Bill Gates is a big investor?expects the facility, which goes online next year, to generate some 10,000 barrels of crude oil a day by 2018.
Yet a third player in the emerging algae fuel market is Synthetic Genomics, the brainchild of genomics guru Craig Venter, who beat the U.S. government in sequencing the human genome and at a fraction of the cost. The company, which last year purchased an 81-acre site in California?s Imperial Valley to scale up and test its synthetic algae strains across 42 open ponds, plans to genetically modify algae to optimize its oil output. ExxonMobil signed a $600 million development deal with the company to further the cutting edge research.
EarthTalk? is written and edited by Roddy Scheer and Doug Moss and is a registered trademark of E - The Environmental Magazine (www.emagazine.com). Send questions to: earthtalk@emagazine.com. Subscribe: www.emagazine.com/subscribe. FreeTrial Issue: www.emagazine.com/trial.
Summer is rearing its sweaty head, and there's nothing we can do to stop it. We can fight back though, and our very own Giz readers have offered up some stellar ideas on how to beat the heat until it slinks off into a corner and leaves us all alone. Time to start building your arsenal.
My wife bought a sno-cone maker last week. Shaved ice with suggary syrup poured over the top eaten with a little plastic spoon is a pretty nice way to take your mind off the heat and have fun. It works here in Dallas where it's been known to get a little warm in the summer.
Clothing is key. I'm a sweaty dude that walks everywhere in a hot/humid part of the world. I try to banish as much cotton from my wardrobe as possible.
If you can afford it, the modern smartwool/icebreaker/ibex merino stuff is amazing. Much better than any of the high-tech synthetics in my experience. Cotton undershirts get soaked and feel clammy all day if you wear them under a dress shirt. Synthetics that are good at wicking and dry quickly when exposed to air flow, but suck when worn under another layer. And they get stinky. Wool is kinda miraculous, being able to wick, dry quickly when exposed to air and (critically) remain comfortable when completely waterlogged.
My icebreaker wool hoodie is my go-to garment for clammy summer nights when a t-shirt is too light but a sweatshirt is too sweaty. I've got some wool underwear that's pretty nice, too, but even a wool zealot has trouble spending $30 for something that you fart in.
Also, a broad brimmed hat. I call it my Hat of Pragmatism. My son calls it the Explorer Hat. My wife calls it "that thing". Whatever you call it, it makes wandering around in the sun a lot more enjoyable.
24 hours of Le Mans: Danish driver Allan Simonsen was killed in the first 10 minutes of the race. The Audi team was in the lead but two cars faced mechanical problems some six hours into the 24 hours of Le Mans, which will end Sunday.
By Trung LaTieule,?Associated Press / June 22, 2013
Audi held the early top three spots Saturday in the 24 Hours of Le?Mans which was marred by the death of Danish driver Allan Simonsen at the start of the endurance event.
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It was the first driver fatality at Le?Mans since 1997. Organizers said the 34-year-old Simonsen was taken to the hospital after his Aston Martin No. 95 spun at high speed only 10 minutes into the race and his car skidded into the barrier at the Tertre Rouge corner where cars typically reach speeds of up to 170 kph (105 mph).
Simonsen died at the hospital soon after arrival "due to his injuries," organizers said.
Aston Martin Racing, which had entered five Vantage V8 cars between the GTE-Pro and GTE-Am classes, will continue in the race "at the specific request" of Simonsen's family and in tribute to the Danish driver.
"I would like to extend our deepest sympathies and condolences to the individuals, and families whose friends or loved ones were involved in today's terrible tragedy," Aston Martin Racing managing director John Gaw said.
The safety car came out after Simonsen's crash and the race was held up for nearly an hour to repair the guard rail.
Simonsen was participating for the seventh time at the endurance race, which is won by the team that completes the most laps in 24 hours with up to three drivers alternating. He finished second in the GT2 class at Le?Mans three years ago. He clocked the fastest time in qualifying Thursday in the GTE Am class.
Simonsen and Danish co-drivers Kristian Poulsen and Christoffer Nygaard were leading the GTE Am class in the world endurance championship after topping their category at Silverstone in April and finishing second in Spa-Francorchamps last month.
"Aston Martin Racing will not make any further comment until the precise circumstances of the accident have been determined. Next of kin have been informed," Simonsen's team said.
IndyCar series leader Helio Castroneves tweeted: "Very sad to know about the fatal accident of Allan Simonsen on Le?Mans today. Praying for him and (his) family."
After the crash, drivers were kept in a holding pattern in which cars had to stay in their positions for nearly an hour plus the first pit stops were made.
At the wheel of Audi No. 1, defending champion Andre Lotterer of Germany led pole-sitter Allan McNish's Audi No. 2 by 26 seconds after 20 laps. Lucas Di Grassi's Audi No. 3 was in third place, followed by two Toyota cars.
But six hours into the race, the No. 1 and No. 3 Audi cars were experiencing mechanical problems Saturday.
Audi is seeking a 12th title at the world's most famous endurance race. It is second for most victories by a manufacturer, behind Porsche's 16.
A total of 56 cars started in the 81st edition of Le?Mans, which will end at 1300 GMT on Sunday. The race can be watched live online.
Sebastien Enjolras lost his life in pre-qualifying in 1997. The last driver fatality in the 24-hour race was Jo Gartner in 1986.
The worst crash in Le?Mans history occurred in 1955 when Pierre Levegh's Mercedes flew into the crowd, killing more than 80 spectators.
BAGHDAD (AP) ? Many Iraqis stayed home for delayed elections in two restive Sunni-dominated provinces, with half of the eligible voters participating in one and even fewer casting ballots in the other, election officials said Friday.
Much of Iraq voted for provincial council members on April 20 in the country's first election since the U.S. military withdrawal. But officials delayed elections in Anbar and Ninevah provinces until Thursday because of what they said were security concerns.
Independent High Electoral Commission member Muqdad al-Shuraifi said Friday that 50 percent of eligible voters cast ballots in the western province of Anbar ? roughly in line with the national average turnout. Only 38 percent voted in the northern province of Ninevah.
Electoral officials have said the overall turnout for the April vote was 51 percent ? the same as during the last provincial elections in 2009.
"We consider the turnout good considering the general situation in these two provinces," IHEC spokesman Safaa al-Moussawi said.
Anbar and Ninevah have seen some of the largest rallies in a months-long wave of Sunni anti-government protests. They also have faced repeated attacks by militants, mainly directed at security forces, election candidates and government officials.
Officials were unable to provide provincial-level turnout figures for the last provincial elections in 2009.
Thursday's elections, like those in the past, were held amid tight security. Thousands of policemen and soldiers were deployed to secure the elections, and authorities imposed a vehicle ban in major cities in the two provinces to protect against car bombings.
The vote itself was relatively calm, with one person reported killed and three wounded in a mortar attack in in Ramadi, the provincial capital of Anbar, 115 kilometers (70 miles) west of Baghdad.
But after polls closed, a suicide bomber was able to enter the main ballot-counting center in Ramadi and blow himself up. That attack killed seven and wounded eight, according to security and hospital officials in Anbar.
The violence continued Friday. A bomb left in a major commercial street in the neighborhood of Dora in southern Baghdad exploded Friday afternoon, killing two people and wounding nine, according to police. The force of the blast damaged several shops in the area.
Hospital officials confirmed the casualty numbers. The officials spoke on condition of anonymity because they weren't authorized to release the details.
Iraq is weathering its worst spike in violence in half a decade, with nearly 2,000 people killed since the start of April. Much of the violence is the work of the Sunni extremist al-Qaida branch in Iraq, which seeks to undermine support for the Shiite-led government in Iraq.
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Associated Press writer Sameer N. Yacoub contributed reporting.
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Follow Adam Schreck on Twitter at http://twitter.com/adamschreck
Contract-averse consumers itching for an iPhone 5 fix and wary of T-Mobile's brave new ways can now look to Virgin Mobile. The prepaid carrier has just announced plans to bring Apple's aluminum-bodied smartphone to its lineup starting next Friday, June 28th. The iOS device will be paired with Virgin's Beyond Talk plans, netting subs unlimited data (3G / 4G LTE) and messaging for $35 per month on the base tier. Only the 16GB model will be sold online and in-store for $550, so if you're in the market for larger storage, you'll have to head to the carrier's site where the 32GB and 64GB units -- priced at $650 and $750, respectively -- will be available. If you're tempted to go all in and plunk down the cash, just keep in mind, there's another better, potentially bigger and definitely 'S'-ier iPhone waiting just around the corner.
Protesters gesture to riot police as they stand in front of a burning barricade during an anti-government protest in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Thursday, June 20, 2013. More than half a million ... more?Protesters gesture to riot police as they stand in front of a burning barricade during an anti-government protest in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Thursday, June 20, 2013. More than half a million Brazilians poured into the streets of at least 80 Brazilian cities Thursday in demonstrations that saw violent clashes and renewed calls for an end to government corruption and demands for better public services. Riot police battled protesters in at least five cities, with some of the most intense clashes happening in Rio de Janeiro, where an estimated 300,000 demonstrators swarmed into the seaside city's central area. (AP Photo/Victor R. Caivano) less?
The Chicago Blackhawks mob Brent Seabrook, after his game-winning goal against the Boston Bruins during the first overtime period in Game 4 of the NHL hockey Stanley Cup Finals, Wednesday, June 19, 2013, in Boston. Chicago won 6-5. (AP Photo/Charles Krupa)
The Chicago Blackhawks mob Brent Seabrook, after his game-winning goal against the Boston Bruins during the first overtime period in Game 4 of the NHL hockey Stanley Cup Finals, Wednesday, June 19, 2013, in Boston. Chicago won 6-5. (AP Photo/Charles Krupa)
Chicago Blackhawks defenseman Brent Seabrook (7) celebrates his game-winning goal against the Boston Bruins with Chicago Blackhawks goalie Corey Crawford (50) during the first overtime period in Game 4 of the NHL hockey Stanley Cup Finals, Wednesday, June 19, 2013, in Boston. Chicago won 6-5. (AP Photo/Elise Amendola)
Chicago Blackhawks right wing Patrick Kane, left, shoots as Boston Bruins goalie Tuukka Rask (40), of Finland, leaps in vain as Kane's shot scored during the second period in Game 4 of the NHL hockey Stanley Cup Finals Wednesday, June 19, 2013, in Boston. Blackhawks center Jonathan Toews (19), and Bruins defensemen Andrew Ference (21) watch. Chicago won 6-5 to even the series 2-2. (AP Photo/Harry How, Pool)
Boston Bruins goalie Tuukka Rask, left, of Finland, watches the puck caroms from the net on a shot by Chicago Blackhawks right wing Patrick Kane, not shown during the second period in Game 4 of the NHL hockey Stanley Cup Finals Wednesday, June 19, 2013, in Boston. Blackhawks center Jonathan Toews (19) celebrates as Bruins defensemen Andrew Ference (21) and Dennis Seidenberg (44), of Germany, watch. Chicago won 6-5 to even the series 2-2. (AP Photo/Harry How, Pool)
Chicago Blackhawks defenseman Brent Seabrook (7) celebrates his game-winning goal against the Boston Bruins during the first overtime period in Game 4 of the NHL hockey Stanley Cup Finals, Wednesday, June 19, 2013, in Boston. Chicago won 6-5. (AP Photo/Elise Amendola)
CHICAGO (AP) ? Finding room to roam in the first three games of the Stanley Cup finals was next to impossible, and scoring goals was even more difficult.
Not so much in Game 4, raising all sorts of questions about the rest of the deadlocked series.
Chicago's 6-5 overtime victory at Boston on Wednesday night was the highest-scoring game in this year's NHL playoffs. There were breakaways, rebounds, long slap shots and tips. Eleven goals in all, coming from all over the ice.
When it was over, the Blackhawks and Bruins were tied at two games apiece heading into Game 5 on Saturday night.
"I guess a series like this can take some unexpected turns sometimes, and you saw that last night," Blackhawks captain Jonathan Toews said Thursday. "I'm not going to make any predictions for what happens in the next game, but obviously there's a lot of things we want to carry into this game, Game 5, here."
The biggest variable could be the recovery of goalies Tuukka Rask of the Bruins and Corey Crawford of the Blackhawks, who have a couple days to find their game again before the series resumes in Chicago.
Rask and Crawford had been the best two goalies in the playoffs before each of them stumbled under heavy pressure in Game 4. Rask gave up too many prime rebound opportunities, and Crawford was beaten repeatedly on his glove side.
"Every goal is stoppable, but I don't think there was any weak one, so to speak," said Rask, who was coming off a 2-0 shutout and had allowed just eight goals in the previous eight playoff games. "Mistakes piled up and I wasn't able to bail our guys out. Sometimes you do, sometimes you don't."
Crawford was great in each of the first two finals games in Chicago. He had 51 saves in the three-overtime series opener, keeping the Blackhawks in the game long enough for Andrew Shaw to score the winning goal in a 4-3 victory.
Crawford had 33 stops when the series shifted to Boston for Game 3, but Chicago was unable to get anything going against Rask. And then came more of the glove-side problems on Wednesday night that the Bruins have exploited all series long.
"A couple tough breaks last night, especially when we had the lead at 3-1 or 4-2, Boston is going to open up a little bit," Blackhawks forward Patrick Kane said Thursday. "I think for us that we can play better defensively, maybe get in some shooting lanes and block some of those shots."
Chicago held leads of 1-0, 3-1, 4-2 and 5-4, but Boston rallied each time. The glove-side issue is a tricky little one for coach Joel Quenneville and the Blackhawks, who know that's where the Bruins are trying to go, but don't want Crawford to focus so much on that area that it gets into his head.
"We're very comfortable with Corey," Quenneville said, dismissing the idea of inserting backup Ray Emery. "Corey has been rock solid all year for us, and when he's got the ball, he's been outstanding, and he's the biggest reason why we're here today."
Rask was working on a shutout streak of 129 minutes, 14 seconds when Michal Handzus had a beautiful sliding score in the first period Wednesday night off a nice pass from Brandon Saad on a fast break.
It was a sign of things to come for the Bruins, who had sustained trouble with the Blackhawks' speed for the first time in the series.
Marcus Kruger completed a 2-on-1 break in the second period with his third goal of the playoffs. Kruger and Michael Frolik got down the ice so quickly that there was time for Kruger to poke home his own rebound after Rask stopped his first attempt.
"I thought we gave them a lot of space," Bruins coach Claude Julien said. "It doesn't mean they don't have a pace to their game, but it means we gave them too many options. And the neutral zone for me, not just on the forecheck but even our neutral zone on the counter, wasn't very good."
Zdeno Chara, Boston's 6-foot-9 defenseman, was back during the rush by Kruger and Frolik but was unable to break it up. The 2009 Norris Trophy winner was on the ice for five of Chicago's six goals, with the Blackhawks using their speed to make life difficult on the captain of the Bruins.
"I think he was OK," Julien said. "There's no doubt they went after him and he was OK, because our whole team was OK. I don't think anybody on our team can stand up today and say I thought I had a great game, and that's why we're sitting here today tied 2-all."
The move by Quenneville to put Toews and Kane back together on a line with Bryan Bickell also played a role in the rough night for Chara and Rask. Toews had a tip-in for his first goal since May 25 against Detroit, snapping a 10-game drought. Kane had a nifty rebound score for his first goal of the series.
The productive night for that line ? Bickell had two assists and was credited with six hits ? could lead to some adjustments for Boston in the pivotal Game 5.
"I think you want to learn from every game, regardless of if you win or lose," said Bruins center Chris Kelly, who failed to convert a prime scoring opportunity on Wednesday night. "Like winning, you want to put the game behind you. It's in the past, there's nothing you can do about it. Look to the next one."
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Jay Cohen can be reached at http://www.twitter.com/jcohenap
Today we had a chance to play with Qualcomm's latest MDP devices (tablet and phone) which pack the company's mighty Snapdragon 800 SoC (MSM8974). The tablet is slightly larger than than last year's and features an 11.6-inch 1920 x 1080-pixel display, 2GB of LPDDR3 RAM, 32GB of built-in flash storage (with microSD expansion), USB 3.0 support and a 12 megapixel AF rear camera with flash (2MP fixed-focus in front). All of this is crammed into a slim (0.46 inches / 11.7mm) chassis that's powered by a 3400mAh Li-ion battery and incorporates a bevvy of radios (LTE band 17, WiFi ac, Bluetooth 4 LE, GPS, NFC) and sensors (including pressure and humidity).
The phone shares most of the tablet's specs but swaps the screen for a 4.3-inch panel (1280 x 720 pixels) and the battery for a smaller (1500mAh) pack. We put these Snapdragon 800-equipped MDPs through their paces by running our usual suite of benchmarks (plus a few more). The results? Prepare for ludicrous speed! More after the break.
While most high-end Android phones currently sport Qualcomm's Snapdragon 600, there's another chip announced earlier this year waiting to hit the scene: the Snapdragon 800. Now, the first benchmarks of that new chip are in?and its GPU promises to smoke the competition.
AnandTech has a raft of numbers comparing the Snapdragon 800's CPU and GPU to chips like the Snapdragon 600, Apple's A6 and A6X, and the Exynos 5 Dual and Octa, which have been neatly complied by Ars Technica. What they make clear is that, while the chip's CPU is only a modest upgrade over the 600, its GPU is going to blow you away. First, the CPU scores:
The Snapdragon 8000 almost manages to keep pace with the Tegra 4, though never manages to beat it. Look at the GPU scores, though, and it's quite a different story:
Here, the 800 smokes both the Tegra 4 and the A6X?impressive given Tegra 4 tablets are yet to land and Apple is usually ahead the game in terms of graphics. The only thing to ponder here?other than the huge promise such GPU performance offers?is power consumption. Qualcomm claims it'll be on par with the 600, but it's worth being a little skeptical about that claim?at least until devices start shipping. [Anandtech via Ars Technica]
Vice President Joe Biden knows how to work a room. In remarks made on Tuesday night at a fundraiser for Massachusetts Senate candidate Ed Markey in front of an audience of donating (doting?) Democrats, Biden went for the jugular. In a reference to Al Gore, who introduced Biden at the Washington, D.C., event, Biden said, [...]
NEW YORK (AP) -- Shares of Corinthian Colleges Inc. declined in premarket trading Tuesday as the company disclosed that it is under investigation by the Securities and Exchange Commission.
In a regulatory filing, the Santa Ana, Calif., company ? which runs Everest, Heald and WyoTech colleges and offers online degrees ? said that it received a subpoena from the SEC on June 6. The company said that it was told it was under investigation in a letter that came with the subpoena.
Corinthian said that the subpoena requested documents and other materials related to student information in areas such as recruitment, attendance, completion, placement, defaults on federal loans and on alternative loans, as well as compliance with U.S. Department of Education financial requirements, standards and ratios, and other corporate, operational, financial and accounting matters.
Corinthian said it plans to cooperate with the SEC investigation.
In April the company said that it lost money in its fiscal third quarter, pressured by a decline in new student enrollments. New student enrollments dropped 5.7 percent to 26,738, while total student population declined 6.2 percent to 87,776.
Corinthian's stock dropped 42 cents, or 15.1 percent, to $2.37 in premarket trading 75 minutes before the market open.
New material allows German historian and biographer Melissa M?ller to offer readers a deeper, more nuanced view of the world's most famous Holocaust diarist.
By Elizabeth Toohey / June 11, 2013
Anne Frank: The Biography
By Melissa M?ller
Holt, Henry & Company, Inc.
480 pp.
Enlarge
In Teju Cole?s "Open City," a Moroccan character named Khalil claims that Europe lacks freedom because ?[i]f you say anything about Israel, you have your mouth plugged with the six million.? He is, of course, referring to the six million Jewish victims of the Holocaust.
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The beauty and value of Anne Frank?s diary, and the life-story that emerged from its publication, lies in the way it transforms that statistic into an individual life of artistic and intellectual promise. ?When I first read the diary as an adolescent, Anne?s voice resonated: we shared a birthday and Jewish heritage, and I related to her crushes, rebellions and ambitions.
Initially I worried that revisiting that narrative might be superfluous and even (I?ll admit it) potentially dry. Yet Melissa M?ller?s updated version of Anne Frank: The Biography is anything but.
In her comprehensive and nuanced portrait of Anne and her collapsing world, M?ller has given us Anne Frank for adults. Whether describing the dynamics of Otto and Edith Frank?s marriage, assessing the leaks that may have lead to the family?s discovery (some of this is new material), or sketching a picture of Anne?s world in the Annex and then, hauntingly, the camps, M?ller?s work is flawlessly researched and compellingly written.
While offering a portrait of Anne ? her growth as a writer, family, and relationships with friends and boyfriends (?Hello? Silberberg?s story is especially interesting)? ? M?ller also details Hitler?s rise to power and its dire consequences for the Jewish people of Europe. To follow the inexorable movement from the Nuremberg Laws to the 1938 pogroms to the Dutch Jewish Council?s compliance in rounding up victims for the camps is to be given a radical lesson in the material consequences of apathy and fear.?
American audiences, who tend to cast themselves as heroes in World War II, might note our strategy ?to delay and effectively stop for a temporary period of indefinite length the number of immigrants into the United States,? as undersecretary of state Breckenridge Long put it. It was these practices that successfully kept the Franks in Holland, where all but Otto would be sent to their deaths at Auschwitz and Bergen-Belsen.
M?ller subtly contrasts the tentativeness of Nathan Straus, the powerful New York businessman and Otto?s longtime friend, who would only support his immigration through ?established channels,? with the ?helpers,? Miep Gies, Johannes Kleiman, Elisabeth ?Bep? Voskuijl, and Victor Kugler, gentiles who went from working for Otto to supplying his family with provisions at great personal risk during their two years in hiding.
The diary itself takes on a life of its own. M?ller?s discovery of a new five-page entry in the 1990s, when her biography was originally published, caused enough of a stir to make the front page of The New York Times. These pages ? initially suppressed by Otto, who excluded them from the diary but gave them to a friend for safe-keeping ? shed a different light on Edith through Anne?s maturing understanding of her parents? marriage, which M?ller expands on through her research.
The diary itself is shown not as a simple window into the Annex but as the carefully constructed project of an aspiring writer, one who was inspired by a radio broadcast out of London calling for eyewitness accounts, diaries and letters especially, to be collected after the war.
Anne thus planned the diary as a basis for her first book, and it is only by remembering that this ambition was realized that the tragedy of her death is in small part mitigated. She was on the last train from Westerbork, a Dutch internment camp that was relatively habitable (relatively being the operative word here), to Auschwitz, where she and her sister were then transported to Bergen-Belsen.?
Be forewarned that the penultimate chapter, ?The Last Train,? is a painful read.
Throughout the biography, M?ller establishes the unifying theme of Nazism as the relentless attempt to rob every Jewish person of individuality, epitomized by the edict that Dutch Jews register for ?voluntary emigration? but substitute ?Sarah? and ?Israel? for each family member?s first name.
In a similar vein, Miep Gies warns again casting Anne as a symbol for the six million, insisting she instead serve as a reminder of the individuality of each life lost. In an age of political apathy, when genocides have become all too common and prominent figures like the artist Charles Krafft emerge as Holocaust deniers, revisiting Anne Frank?s life thus becomes more important than ever.
This is a list of job announcements for any type of library within Georgia and the Southeast.
Posted by: Georgia Perimeter College
Posted date: 2013-Jun-11
Location: Georgia Perimeter College
Georgia Perimeter College, Newton Campus seeks a Librarian who will participate in reference and circulation services; teach and coordinate library instruction classes; participate in collection development; and participate on various committees in a team environment.
The Newton Campus of Georgia Perimeter College is located in Covington, GA. on Hwy. 11 near I-20 (exit 98).
WASHINGTON (AP) ? A gigantic line of powerful thunderstorms could affect one in five Americans on Wednesday as it rumbles from Iowa to Maryland packing hail, lightning and tree-toppling winds.
Meteorologist are warning that the continuous line of storms may even spawn an unusual weather event called a derecho (duh-RAY'-choh), which is a massive storm of strong straight-line winds spanning at least 240 miles. Wednesday's storms are also likely to generate tornadoes and cause power outages that will be followed by oppressive heat, said Bill Bunting, operations chief at the National Weather Service's Storm Prediction Center in Norman, Okla.
The risk of severe weather in Chicago, Indianapolis, Cincinnati and Columbus, Ohio, is roughly 45 times higher than on a normal June day, Bunting said. Detroit, Baltimore, Washington, Milwaukee, Pittsburgh and Louisville, Ky., have a risk level 15 times more than normal. All told, the area the weather service considers to be under heightened risk of dangerous weather includes 64 million people in 10 states.
"It's a pretty high threat," Bunting said, who also warned that the storms will produce large hail and dangerous lightning. "We don't want to scare people, but we want them to be aware."
Wednesday "might be the worst severe weather outbreak for this part of the country for the year," said Jeff Masters, meteorology director at Weather Underground.
You can have tornadoes and a derecho at the same time, but at any given place Wednesday the straight-line winds are probably more likely.
Last year, a derecho caused at least $1 billion in damage from Chicago to Washington, killing 13 people and leaving more than 4 million people without power, according to the weather service. Winds reached nearly 100 mph in some places and in addition to the 13 people who died from downed trees, another 34 people died from the heat wave that followed in areas without power.
Derechoes, with winds of at least 58 mph, occur about once a year in the Midwest. Rarer than tornadoes but with weaker winds, derechoes produce damage over a much wider area.
Wednesday's storm probably won't be as powerful as 2012's historic one, but it is expected to cause widespread problems, Bunting said.
The storms are the type that will move so fast that "by the time you see the dark sky and distant thunder you may have only minutes to get to safe shelter," Bunting said.
The storms will start late morning or early afternoon in eastern Iowa, hit Chicago by early afternoon and move east at about 40 mph, Bunting said. If the storm remains intact after crossing the Appalachian Mountains, which would be rare for a derecho, it should hit the Washington area by late afternoon or early evening, he said.
For Washington, Philadelphia and parts of the Mid-Atlantic the big storm risk continues and even increases a bit Thursday, according to the weather service.
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Online:
The Storm Prediction Center: www.spc.noaa.gov
Seth Borenstein can be followed at http://twitter.com/borenbears
Steelers quarterback Ben Roethlisberger, less than a week removed from knee surgery, said he ?could play Sunday if I had to.?
That would be weird, since it?s still June and the season doesn?t start for three months.
Roethlisberger described last Wednesday?s surgery by Dr. James Bradley as a routine cleanup, and he?s already gotten rid of his crutches.
?It feels great,? Roethlisberger said, via Ed Bouchette of the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. ?I saw Doc Bradley this morning. He was pleasantly surprised with the range of motion and where we?re at with the swelling. It feels great. I?ve been off crutches for a couple days now and moving around pretty good. I think I could play Sunday if I had to.
?According to Doc, the surgery went really well, my knee is in great shape. They took care of the little problem. It had been bothering me a little bit last year and we just decided now is the time to take care of it.?
Training camp opens July 26, and Roethlisberger?s optimism now is a good sign. Of course, his history indicates he?s going to miss some time at some point this year (he?s played 16 games once). But he said after trying to manage the knee pain, he elected to have the procedure now rather than try to push through it.
?People say why not [have surgery] earlier? We wanted to try to see if we could manage it,? he said. ?I?d come in on Tuesday and practice, it would feel good and by Thursday it was like a tire slowly losing air. It kind of hurt me on Thursday. We figured it was time to get it done and the doctors agreed.
?I think it was just general wear and tear. It?s my right leg, so it?s my plant leg. Every time I drop back I put a lot of pressure on my right leg. A lot of quarterback?s right knees are probably a little banged up.?
Those knees are also the reason they decided to upgrade at backup quarterback this year, bringing in Bruce Gradkowski to replace the old and equally infirmed Charlie Batch and Byron Leftwich.
June 10, 2013 ? Are teeth the latest victims of bisphenol A? Yes, according to the conclusions of work carried out by the research team led by Ariane Berdal of the Universit? Paris-Diderot and Sylvie Babajko, Research Director at Inserm Unit 872 "Centre des Cordeliers." The researchers have shown that the teeth of rats treated with low daily doses of BPA could be damaged by this.Analysis of the damage shows numerous characteristics that are common with a recently identified pathology of tooth enamel that affects roughly 18% of children between the ages of 6 and 8.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical compound used in the composition of plastics and resins. It is used for example to manufacture food containers such as bottles or babies' bottles. It is also used for the protective films inside drinks cans and food tins, or as developers on sales receipts. Significant amounts of BPA have also been found in human blood, urine, amniotic liquid and placentas. Recent studies have shown that this industrial compound has adverse effects on the reproduction, development and metabolism of laboratory animals. It is strongly suspected of having the same effects on humans.
As a precautionary measure, the manufacture and commercialisation of babies' bottles containing bisphenol A were prohibited in Europe in January 2011. The prohibition will be extended to all food containers in France as from July 2015.
So this study shows that teeth are the latest in an already long list of victims of BPA.
The Inserm researchers have shown that the incisors of rats treated with low daily doses of BPA (5 microgrammes/kg/day) could be damaged by this.
This effect has also been observed within a development window of no more than 30 days post-birth in rats, thus demonstrating a range of sensitivity to exposure.
Analysis of these teeth showed numerous characteristics that are common with a tooth enamel pathology known as MIH (Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation) that selectively affects first molars and permanent incisors. This enamel pathology is found in roughly 18% of children between the ages of 6 and 8. Children affected by this pathology present with teeth that are hypersensitive to pain and liable to cavities. It is interesting to note that the period during which these teeth are formed (the first years of life) correspond to the period during which humans are most sensitive to bisphenol A.
Amongst the earliest observations made was the appearance of "white marks" on the incisors of rats treated with endocrine disruptors, one of which was bisphenol A (BPA). The researchers decided to define the characteristics of incisors of rats treated with low doses of BPA and to compare these with the characteristics of teeth in humans suffering from MIH
Macroscopic observation of marks on both series of teeth showed similarities, in particular fragile and brittle enamel.
Microscope observation of the enamel showed a significant reduction of the Ca/P and the Ca/C ratios in affected teeth. This leads to mineral depletion, making the teeth more fragile and more liable to cavities.
Finally, analysis of the proteins present in the tooth matrix of rats showed an increased quantity of enamelin, a key protein for enamel formation, and a buildup of albumin leading to hypomineralisation. Analysis of the expression of key enamel genes highlighted two BPA target genes: enamelin and kallicrein 4.
According to Sylvie Babajko, the latest author of this article, "Insofar as BPA has the same mechanism of action in rats as in men, it could also be a causal agent of MIH. Therefore, teeth could be used as early markers of exposure to endocrine disruptors acting in the same way as BPA and so could help in early detection of serious pathologies that would otherwise have occurred several years later."
June 10, 2013 ? The least massive galaxy in the known universe has been measured by UC Irvine scientists, clocking in at just 1,000 or so stars with a bit of dark matter holding them together.
The findings, made with the world's most powerful telescopes at the W. M. Keck Observatory and published today in The Astrophysical Journal, offer tantalizing clues about how iron, carbon and other elements key to human life originally formed. But the size and weight of Segue 2, as the star body is called, are its most extraordinary aspects.
"Finding a galaxy as tiny as Segue 2 is like discovering an elephant smaller than a mouse," said UC Irvine cosmologist James Bullock, co-author of the paper. Astronomers have been searching for years for this type of dwarf galaxy, long predicted to be swarming around the Milky Way. Their inability to find any, he said, "has been a major puzzle, suggesting that perhaps our theoretical understanding of structure formation in the universe was flawed in a serious way."
Segue 2's presence as a satellite of our home galaxy could be "a tip-of-the-iceberg observation, with perhaps thousands more very low-mass systems orbiting just beyond our ability to detect them," he added.
"It's definitely a galaxy, not a star cluster," said postdoctoral scholar and lead author Evan Kirby. He explained that the stars are held together by a globule called a dark matter halo. Without this acting as galactic glue, the star body wouldn't qualify as a galaxy.
Segue 2, discovered in 2009 as part of the massive Sloan Digital Sky Survey, is one of the faintest known galaxies, with light output just 900 times that of the sun. That's miniscule compared to the Milky Way, which shines 20 billion times brighter. But despite its tiny size, researchers using different tools originally thought Segue 2 was far denser.
""The Keck telescopes are the only ones in the world powerful enough to have made this observation," Kirby said of the huge apparatus housed on the summit of Mauna Kea in Hawaii. He determined the upper weight range of 25 of the major stars in the galaxy and found that it weighs at least 10 times less than previously estimated.
Fellow authors are Michael Boylan-Kolchin and Manoj Kaplinghat of UC Irvine, Judith Cohen of the California Institute of Technology and Marla Geha of Yale University. Funding was provided by the Southern California Center for Galaxy Evolution (a multicampus research program of the University of California) and by the National Science Foundation.
After two long hours of tease this past February, followed by a few fleeting glimpses in May, Sony's finally ready to show us what its next-generation PlayStation console actually, you know, looks like. And it's... well, it's a rhombus. A familiar-looking one.
HONG KONG (AP) ? The American intelligence contractor who disclosed U.S. government surveillance programs fled to Hong Kong because he believed he wouldn't get a fair trial in his home country, the journalist who broke the story said Monday.
Glenn Greenwald of Britain's The Guardian newspaper said Edward Snowden chose the semiautonomous Chinese region because it was the least bad option open to him.
Greenwald said in an interview that Snowden wants to remain out of the "clutches" of the U.S. government for as long as possible but is fully aware that he won't succeed.
Snowden says he worked as a contractor at the National Security Agency and the CIA.
He allowed The Guardian and The Washington Post newspapers to reveal his identity on Sunday as the source of a series of top-secret documents outlining two NSA surveillance programs.
The Guardian reported that Snowden arrived in Hong Kong on May 20. He checked out of a Kowloon hotel on Monday and his current location is unclear.
The Justice Department is conducting a criminal investigation into the leaks at the request of the NSA.
"If the Justice Department does end up indicting him, which almost certainly it will ? it's basically inevitable at this point ? he doesn't really trust the judicial system in the United States to give him a fair trial," Greenwald said in Hong Kong.
"I think if he trusted the political system and the political culture in the United States he would have just remained there and said 'I did what I did and I want to defend it,'" Greenwald said.
He said Snowden chose Hong Kong because it has a history of strong political activism, free speech and respect for the rule of law. But he added that once Snowden decided to leak the information, "all of the options, as he put it, are bad options. There were no good options for him."
Hong Kong, a former British colony, was handed back to China in 1997 but was allowed to retain a high degree of autonomy and its own legal system. The city has an extradition treaty with the U.S., but it contains some exceptions, including for crimes deemed political.
Greenwald said Snowden had watched with concern the court martial of Bradley Manning, the U.S. Army private on trial for handing a trove of classified material to WikiLeaks, and that it had raised fears for him about secrecy and "abridgement of due process."
Snowden, 29, believes he will eventually end up with the same fate as Manning, Greenwald said.
"I think that his goal is to avoid ending up in the clutches of the U.S. government for as long as he can, knowing full well though that it's very likely that he won't succeed and he will end up exactly where he doesn't want to be," Greenwald said.
Snowden told The Guardian that he hoped for asylum in Iceland, though Greenwald said as far as he was aware, he hadn't filed a claim for asylum anywhere.
When asked why Snowden didn't just head to Iceland, Greenwald said he was unsure but guessed that because the Arctic nation is a small country, it would find it much more difficult to say no to the United States than Beijing or Hong Kong.
"There's a lot of history in terms of small Scandinavian countries or small countries in Europe succumbing to U.S. demands and doing things that are contrary to their values or even their law," Greenwald said. "I think he feels that won't happen here."
Ames Laboratory scientists discover new family of quasicrystalsPublic release date: 10-Jun-2013 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Laura Millsaps millsaps@ameslab.gov 515-294-3474 DOE/Ames Laboratory
Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Ames Laboratory have discovered a new family of rare-earth quasicrystals using an algorithm they developed to help pinpoint them. Quasicrystalline materials may be found close to crystalline phases that contain similar atomic motifs, called crystalline approximants. And just like fishing experts know that casting a line in the right habitat hooks the big catch, the scientists used their knowledge to hone in on just the right spot for new quasicrystal materials discovery.
Their research resulted in finding the only known magnetic rare earth icosahedral binary quasicrystals, now providing a "matched set" of magnetic quasicrystals and their closely related periodic cousins.
The discovery has been published online by the journal Nature Materials in an article, "A family of binary magnetic icosahedral quasicrystals based on rare earth and cadmium."
"This discovery of binary magnetic quasicrystals provides us with a means of doing a cleaner comparison of structural and magnetic properties between a quasicrystal and its periodic approximant," said Alan Goldman, Ames Laboratory faculty scientist and a distinguished professor at Iowa State University. "It's a tremendously exciting thing."
Goldman is part of the Ames Laboratory's research group which studies the microscopic properties of crystals through neutron and x-ray scattering performed at Argonne National Laboratory's Advanced Photon Source. His collaborator, Ames Laboratory faculty scientist and Iowa State University distinguished professor Paul Canfield, was one of the first scientists able to grow single-grain, rare-earth quasicrystals, and his work continues in discovering, growing, and characterizing them.
Since the 1982 discovery of quasicrystals-- intermetallic compounds that are ordered but not periodic--by Nobel Prize winning chemist Dan Shechtman, many have been synthesized by researchers worldwide, and one has even been discovered occurring naturally.
But scientists at the Ames Laboratory, with their expertise in rare earths and magnetism, were beginning to look for the next step after that revolutionary first discovery.
"For the last ten years, we have been moving beyond just the innate beauty of these quasicrystalline structures to find out what else is interesting about them. Are the electrical properties any different? Are the magnetic qualities unusual?" Goldman asked.
Goldman and Canfield, like many researchers around the world began to wonder what magnetic properties would do, extended to the unique design of quasicrystals.
"If you could place magnetism on these quasicrystal structures, what would it look like?" Canfield said the researchers wondered. "You can have antiferromagnets or ferromagnets in the crystalline or periodic example. You have a disordered magnet or spin glass with the amorphous system. This is known. But with quasicrystals, you have an aperiodic arrangement. Will it affect the magnetism in some weird or novel way? It's a strange environment for magnetism."
"There's been a lot of theoretical and experimental work on magnetic quasicrystals and mathematically there's no reason why magnetic ordering can't happen," said Goldman. "But experimentally it was never observed. Why? What does this teach us about magnetism in complex environments?"
A few years ago, a series of periodic approximants of rare-earth cadmium were discovered that did order magnetically by research colleagues in Japan. The Ames Laboratory scientists worked to characterize by scattering the magnetic structures in collaboration with other researchers from France, Japan, and the United States.
Goldman and Canfield suspected that there could be quasicrystals very close to these rare earth cadmium approximants, hidden in very limited regions of temperature and composition space in the phase diagram, and most easily attainable through the flux growth method Canfield has used to grow other quasicrystals. Together with Ames Lab scientists Sergey Bud'ko, Andreas Kreyssig, Kevin Dennis, Mehmet Ramazanoglu, Anton Jesche, and physics graduate student Tai Kong, Goldman and Canfield initiated a new search for magnetic quasicrystals.
Goldman asked Canfield to start by growing the approximant, but Canfield was shooting for both.
"My intent was not just to go to the approximant, but to cool this as far as I could before everything solidified; I was fishing for the binary quasicrystal," Canfield said. "It was an attempt to survey the system. I know there's an approximant in there, but is there another surprise?"
And sure enough, there was. Canfield had grown the approximant, but he also found the presence of faceted pentagonal dodecahedra, one of the signatures of quasicrystals. Goldman's x-ray scattering work confirmed the material as a quasicrystal.
In the rare earth cadmium approximants, there is magnetic order. In the quasicrystalline materials, however, the scientists found spin glass behavior, similar to the magnetic behavior in amorphous materials.
"What we have here is proof of principle. Yes, you can find quasicrystals near approximants; you just have to search the right way," said Canfield.
"There's still work to be done; it's my hope that there is lurking out there a quasicrystalline antiferromagnet, which means an ordered magnetic structure.
It hasn't been theoretically ruled out," said Goldman. "What I do know is that quasicrystals continue to surprise me."
###
The research was supported by DOE's Office of Science.
The Ames Laboratory is a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science national laboratory operated by Iowa State University. The Ames Laboratory creates innovative materials, technologies and energy solutions. We use our expertise, unique capabilities and interdisciplinary collaborations to solve global problems.
The Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory is one of five national synchrotron radiation light sources supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science to carry out applied and basic research to understand, predict, and ultimately control matter and energy at the electronic, atomic, and molecular levels, provide the foundations for new energy technologies, and support DOE missions in energy, environment, and national security. To learn more about the DOE Office of Science X-ray user facilities, visit the DOE Office of Science website.
DOE's Office of Science is the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States, and is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time. For more information, please visit science.energy.gov.
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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Ames Laboratory scientists discover new family of quasicrystalsPublic release date: 10-Jun-2013 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Laura Millsaps millsaps@ameslab.gov 515-294-3474 DOE/Ames Laboratory
Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Ames Laboratory have discovered a new family of rare-earth quasicrystals using an algorithm they developed to help pinpoint them. Quasicrystalline materials may be found close to crystalline phases that contain similar atomic motifs, called crystalline approximants. And just like fishing experts know that casting a line in the right habitat hooks the big catch, the scientists used their knowledge to hone in on just the right spot for new quasicrystal materials discovery.
Their research resulted in finding the only known magnetic rare earth icosahedral binary quasicrystals, now providing a "matched set" of magnetic quasicrystals and their closely related periodic cousins.
The discovery has been published online by the journal Nature Materials in an article, "A family of binary magnetic icosahedral quasicrystals based on rare earth and cadmium."
"This discovery of binary magnetic quasicrystals provides us with a means of doing a cleaner comparison of structural and magnetic properties between a quasicrystal and its periodic approximant," said Alan Goldman, Ames Laboratory faculty scientist and a distinguished professor at Iowa State University. "It's a tremendously exciting thing."
Goldman is part of the Ames Laboratory's research group which studies the microscopic properties of crystals through neutron and x-ray scattering performed at Argonne National Laboratory's Advanced Photon Source. His collaborator, Ames Laboratory faculty scientist and Iowa State University distinguished professor Paul Canfield, was one of the first scientists able to grow single-grain, rare-earth quasicrystals, and his work continues in discovering, growing, and characterizing them.
Since the 1982 discovery of quasicrystals-- intermetallic compounds that are ordered but not periodic--by Nobel Prize winning chemist Dan Shechtman, many have been synthesized by researchers worldwide, and one has even been discovered occurring naturally.
But scientists at the Ames Laboratory, with their expertise in rare earths and magnetism, were beginning to look for the next step after that revolutionary first discovery.
"For the last ten years, we have been moving beyond just the innate beauty of these quasicrystalline structures to find out what else is interesting about them. Are the electrical properties any different? Are the magnetic qualities unusual?" Goldman asked.
Goldman and Canfield, like many researchers around the world began to wonder what magnetic properties would do, extended to the unique design of quasicrystals.
"If you could place magnetism on these quasicrystal structures, what would it look like?" Canfield said the researchers wondered. "You can have antiferromagnets or ferromagnets in the crystalline or periodic example. You have a disordered magnet or spin glass with the amorphous system. This is known. But with quasicrystals, you have an aperiodic arrangement. Will it affect the magnetism in some weird or novel way? It's a strange environment for magnetism."
"There's been a lot of theoretical and experimental work on magnetic quasicrystals and mathematically there's no reason why magnetic ordering can't happen," said Goldman. "But experimentally it was never observed. Why? What does this teach us about magnetism in complex environments?"
A few years ago, a series of periodic approximants of rare-earth cadmium were discovered that did order magnetically by research colleagues in Japan. The Ames Laboratory scientists worked to characterize by scattering the magnetic structures in collaboration with other researchers from France, Japan, and the United States.
Goldman and Canfield suspected that there could be quasicrystals very close to these rare earth cadmium approximants, hidden in very limited regions of temperature and composition space in the phase diagram, and most easily attainable through the flux growth method Canfield has used to grow other quasicrystals. Together with Ames Lab scientists Sergey Bud'ko, Andreas Kreyssig, Kevin Dennis, Mehmet Ramazanoglu, Anton Jesche, and physics graduate student Tai Kong, Goldman and Canfield initiated a new search for magnetic quasicrystals.
Goldman asked Canfield to start by growing the approximant, but Canfield was shooting for both.
"My intent was not just to go to the approximant, but to cool this as far as I could before everything solidified; I was fishing for the binary quasicrystal," Canfield said. "It was an attempt to survey the system. I know there's an approximant in there, but is there another surprise?"
And sure enough, there was. Canfield had grown the approximant, but he also found the presence of faceted pentagonal dodecahedra, one of the signatures of quasicrystals. Goldman's x-ray scattering work confirmed the material as a quasicrystal.
In the rare earth cadmium approximants, there is magnetic order. In the quasicrystalline materials, however, the scientists found spin glass behavior, similar to the magnetic behavior in amorphous materials.
"What we have here is proof of principle. Yes, you can find quasicrystals near approximants; you just have to search the right way," said Canfield.
"There's still work to be done; it's my hope that there is lurking out there a quasicrystalline antiferromagnet, which means an ordered magnetic structure.
It hasn't been theoretically ruled out," said Goldman. "What I do know is that quasicrystals continue to surprise me."
###
The research was supported by DOE's Office of Science.
The Ames Laboratory is a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science national laboratory operated by Iowa State University. The Ames Laboratory creates innovative materials, technologies and energy solutions. We use our expertise, unique capabilities and interdisciplinary collaborations to solve global problems.
The Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory is one of five national synchrotron radiation light sources supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science to carry out applied and basic research to understand, predict, and ultimately control matter and energy at the electronic, atomic, and molecular levels, provide the foundations for new energy technologies, and support DOE missions in energy, environment, and national security. To learn more about the DOE Office of Science X-ray user facilities, visit the DOE Office of Science website.
DOE's Office of Science is the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States, and is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time. For more information, please visit science.energy.gov.
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